1{{3}1 1990 ning℃hpe n-gun dat, jahten sharun ai hte n-gun n-gun a cell bunghku hpe shinggrup nna, dat dat ai daw hpe shinggrup nna, n-gun rawng ai n-gun hpe shinggrup da nna, n-gun rawng ai arung arai hte sau hpe garan nna, granules a kata kaw nna, npu de shang wa ai, dai gaw, lusha hpe laksan manam pyaw ai hte palatability hpe jat ya ai, dai hku nna, lusha jaw sha ai lam hpe jat wa shangun ai.
Dai hta n-ga, namsi namsaw protein malu masha hta lawm ai protein ni gaw, n-gun n-gun n-gun n-rawng ai hpang, antitrypsin hte urease zawn re ai protease inhibitor nkau mi hpe lai di lu ai, protein ni hta hydrogen bonds hte kaga lahkawng ngu na lahkawng ngu na matut mahkai lam ni hpe jahten kau lu ai majaw, polypeptide chain ni a shawng na shara masa hta galai shai wa ai majaw, protein ni hpe garan ginhka lu ai, n-gun rawng ai protein ni hpe fibrosis galaw lu ai, peptide n-gun jat wa ai hte, n-gun n-gun n-gun ni hpe shayawm kau lu ai, hka lim ai lam hte hka kata na dusat ni hta enzyme ni hte matut mahkai ai lam, hka kata na dusat ni a shat shadu ai lam hte hkap la ai lam hpe grau kaja hkra galaw lu ai, n-gun dat ni a shat shadu ai lam hpe 10% 10% - 35%{3} hte jat wa lu ai.
. hka kata na marang hpe shayawm kau mai ai. Nkau mi a jahpan ni gaw, hka htung hka ntsa e lwi nga ai nga malu masha gaw, powder (sh) pellet malu masha hta 5%{8}}% hpe hkye la lu ai, hka kata na malu masha a ngam nga ai hpe koi lu nna, hka n san seng ai hpe shayawm lu ai hpe madun dan ai.
1{{1}3 Ana zinli ni byin pru wa ai lam hpe shayawm na matu, malu masha arung arai ni hta, n kaja ai shinggyim hkum hkrang ni lawm chye ai, ga shadawn, aerobic organism, neutrophils, E{2}} coli, molds, sallella, etc.}} Dusat malu masha arung arai ni a lam gaw grai law ai{4} 10,{7} hpe n-gun n rawng ai arung arai gram shagu hta E{9}}} a jahpan gaw 10 hta n-pu de du wa ai hpang, puffing.} Salmonel hpe 85 C hta grau tsaw ai shara hta puffing galaw ngut ai hpang, hka n-gun hpe makawp maga ya lu ai hte, aten langai hta sha, hka lim ai lam 0{15}}4 de du wa ai. 8%-10%, hte butaene feed hpe shinggyin tawn da ai lam hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ya ai. Hkamja lam hpe makawp maga na.
1{{1}44 Hka hta n-gun ja ai malu masha hpe aten galu hka hta jahkring kau mai ai. shat shadu sha na matu laksan malu masha jaw sha ai shara n ra ai, n-gun n rawng ai malu masha jaw sha ai lam hpe sha ra ai{{4} nga gaw, nga ni a malu masha masa hpe hkrak sha hkan sa ai, aten ladaw hta nga ni a malu masha masa hpe hkrak sha hkan sa ra ai, aten ladaw hta nga ni a rawt jat galu kaba wa ai lam hpe chye na ya lu ai. aquatic extruded feed gaw hpaji masa hku lusha jaw sha ai lam hpe galaw ya lu ai, dai gaw aten law law hpe hkye la lu nna bungli galaw shapraw ai lam hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ya lu ai.
. n-gun n rawng ai nga ni gaw, hka ntsa e lwi nga ai malu masha. Catfish hte tilapia zawn re ai ni hta, hka n-gun rawng ai malu masha hte hka ntsa e nga ai malu masha hpe ra sharawng ai lam maren sha nga ai{7}} Dai hta n-ga, n-gun n law ai malu masha, n-gun n law ai malu masha hte kaga lam ni zawn re ai laksan ra kadawn ai lam nkau mi hpe mung hkan sa lu ai.